Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories

The River;
Our Friend

Read Time
35 mins
Keywords
River
Education
Workshop
Arts Expression
Sustainable Practice
Conscious Living
Minelli is an illustrator, Expressive Arts Therapy Practitioner and SEL (Social-Emotional Learning) Educator based in Goa. She connects children with Goa's rivers through her program to foster environmental appreciation and responsibility. Through workshops, field trips, and creative activities, children develop a deep bond with nature, learning to value and protect natural resources. Her initiative aims to cultivate environmentally conscious adults, promoting sustainable practices and river conservation.

Arzaan

One, two, three. Hi, tell us something about yourself.

My name is Arzaan and I've actually made a drawing kind of thing on a paper plate with my new pens.

Amazing. Tell me something about the pens.

So, first they are thin and then they get thicker and thicker and thicker and the thickest is the brush. Are you excited to use them? Yeah. Yeah. And now tell me something about this painting that you have done.

Tell me something about the theme behind it. What did Minnelli ask you to do for this painting?

So, she told us to first we like imagine that we were in the sea and then she told us to imagine what we were seeing and then she told us to draw what we saw and I drew what I saw fishes and then some fishes looking at the bottom of the ocean wondering what this kind of clam is doing.

Okay, and also can you tell us what colors you've used and what type of material you used?

For the fishes and all I used paper, orange one. And for the water I used blue glitter.

Very nice and before you say bye-bye to the to everyone any last words to tell us about your art?

Not much. All right. Thank you very much.

Close

Ashwin

One two three, good evening what's your name and age and can you tell me something?

All right, and where are you from where do you stay in Goa

In Caranzalem,

Oh very nice now, can you tell me something about your art? Tell me about the program the theme and then what you did with your art

I was thinking of a fish that was swimming near a starfish.

So I thought that I could draw it and the starfish was coming on the fish. Okay. And what materials have you used for your drawing? I used my colour pencils and paper.

Okay. And what does the river mean to you?

The river means to me like I get very nice food to eat and it's very tasty. The river means to me like I get very nice food to eat and it's very tasty.

Oh, that's amazing. Thank you very much.

Close

Aldrina

My name is Aldrina, I study in fifth standard and I am 11 years old and I have did a starfish and some fishes and a starfish and a jellyfish.

Wow and tell me why you love the river?

Because there are living creatures in them.

What else do you like about the river?

The small fishes.

Yeah, lovely. I can see that in one of your paintings also. Thank you Aldrina.

Close

Isabel

I made water with the finger prints. Then I'll make some seaweed with the paper.

Wow, okay.

And this is, and the name of the fish is...
Cassania

Cassenia, okay. Lovely.

No, Cassania.

Cassania.

Close

Labesh

One, two, three. 

Hi. 

Hi.

Tell me about yourself. 

My name is Labesh Kamath. 

This session was about rivers.

Okay. 

And can you tell me what you did at this program about rivers? 

What did you do? What did Minelli ask you all to do as part of the program? 

She told us to do painting. 

Aha.
And tell us about your painting. 

This is the starfish I've made. 

It is going to its auntie's house.

Okay. And tell us about the colors you've used and the materials you've used. (0:38) I've used watercolor, red and black.

Okay. 

And also I've used some glitter. 

Okay.

On the water. 

Okay. So when Minelli asked you all to imagine what you all saw underwater, this is what you saw? 

Yes.

Yeah. Now tell me about the other one.
 
This is a dolphin.

Very nice. Tell me about dolphins and about your art. 

What can you tell me about a dolphin? Where did you see the dolphin? In the river?

Next to the starfish.

Oh, that's amazing. And then tell us what colors and all you've used for your dolphin.

I've used red, craft paper green and blue.

Okay. And... 

Some silver. 

Some silver.
So that's very cool. 

And would you like to tell us, before you wrap up, would you like to tell us something, some message behind your art? 

It could be very simple. 

He's trying to say bye-bye to his friends and his friends are far away.

But why is he trying to say bye-bye to his friends? 

Because, see, if we are going to Mumbai like that, he's going to Indian Ocean. 

Okay. 

Actually, he's from Arabian Sea, but he's going to Indian Ocean, separating from his family.

That's a nice story. And this is based on the theme that Minnelli gave you about the river, right?
 
Yes.
 
That's very cool.

Thank you very much.

Close

Rachel

My name is Rachel and I am eleven years old. So I moved to Goa just a few one year back and I really like how green and how blue the rivers are in Goa. And Aldona.

Tell me about your painting.

So before we came here we were in Dubai. In Dubai. I. We used to go to the beaches. And so on the beach the starfish used to get washed on the shore. We used to carry buckets that we used to play with. So we used to take the starfish, put in the buckets, run to Mama, show them and then leave them. Thank you.

Thank you Rachel.

Close

Marisca

There is starfish a golden color with glitter and the starfish's name is Tizzy and there are some weeds below here and I have put like glitter for the water to make it shine in the Sun. And for the fish there's a red color fish with colorful tail and yellow color fins and I have used my fingerprint for the water and I made the fish's mouth and eye and then I have used my paintbrush to color the entire border and I have used red, yellow, purple, orange, blue, green, red and skin color in my painting.

Beautiful! What fish is it? Beautiful! What fish is it?

It's a... I don't know.

Close

Nadia

Alright, One, Two, Three. Hi, Nadia.

Hi.

Tell us something about yourself. How old are you?
Seven.

Alright, and can you tell me a little bit about what you did at today's program?

I made an octopus. Oh, very nice.

And two fishes. Ah, and can you tell me what the octopus and the fish are doing? Is this something that you saw in the river when Minelli asked you to close your eyes and imagine? Yeah? No? How did you, what made you think of drawing an octopus today? Alright, tell me anything else about your octopus and your fish? Any story behind it? No? No story? Alright. What does the river mean to you? Anything in particular? No? No story? Alright. What does the river mean to you? Anything in particular?

No, nothing in particular?

Alright, thank you Nadia.

Close

Sydelle & Sharanya

I am 7 years old and my name is Sydelle.

I am 7 years old and my name is Sharanya

And I love the river and I like it.

And I made the painting with the paint and glitter.

I made with the paints and I put a little glitter on my pink fish.

I am from St. Thomas Girls High School and I am from 2nd standard.

The river, I like to jump like froggy.

And I like the little crabs.

We have drawn the fish in the river.

Do you go fishing in the river?

Yeah, when I was small, my dad just took me for fishing.

You went fishing?

Who you went with?

My father.

When I was small, my father would make fishing rods and take me for fishing.

Okay, lovely.

Thank you girls.

Close

Reshma

I study in St Thomas Girls High School.

I study fifth grade.

So what did you make in your paintings?

Fish and octopus.

Do you want to tell me more about your paintings?

No.

No? Are you feeling shy?

Okay, that's okay. Thank you Reshma.

Close

Suniya

Hello hi, I'm studying in third standard and I did this octopus and starfish and fish I did it. And I love it. This, I love to draw this. And I like drawing. I love drawing and also I want to be a drawing teacher.

Yes, lovely. And what about the river? What do you like about the river?

I like river.

Yeah?

Yes. Yes.

Thank you, Suniya.

Close
VIEW INTERACTIVE MAP

The rivers of Goa have played a vital role in the region's cultural, ecological, and economic fabric for centuries. However, rampant urbanisation, pollution, and unsustainable practices have severely impacted their health and vitality. In recent years, Goa's villages have faced complex environmental challenges. Deforestation driven by infrastructure expansion has resulted in habitat loss and biodiversity depletion. Unregulated mining has scarred the landscape, leading to soil erosion and water contamination. Coastal erosion threatens Goa's iconic beaches, exacerbated by unchecked construction and sand mining. Pollution of water bodies, including rivers and lakes, from untreated sewage and industrial effluents poses significant health risks to humans, wildlife, and the environment.

Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories

Furthermore, rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and climate change impact agriculture, water availability, and vulnerable communities.

Trade, commerce, and globalisation have significantly contributed to Goa's growth and development, bringing opportunities for economic prosperity, cultural exchange, and technological advancement. Improved living standards and economic growth in smaller communities have enriched local traditions with new ideas and perspectives, fostering a more dynamic and diverse cultural landscape. However, these benefits come with challenges and risks. Rapid urbanisation, unchecked development, and mass tourism have led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and pollution, threatening Goa's fragile ecosystems and pristine landscapes. This excessive development has created socio-economic disparities, with certain segments of the population benefiting disproportionately from economic growth while others remain marginalised.

The influx of foreign capital and investment has led to land grabs, displacement of local communities, and gentrification, exacerbating social tensions. Additionally, the commodification of culture, homogenization of lifestyles, and the spread of consumerism pose threats to Goa's rich cultural heritage and indigenous practices.

“ This excessive development has created socio-economic disparities, with certain segments of the population benefiting disproportionately from economic growth while others remain marginalised.”

The Vision

This project began with a vision to nurture a profound emotional bond between children and the Mapusa River, celebrating the inherent beauty and importance of nature. Through engaging activities and thoughtful discussions, we aimed to instil empathy, responsibility, reflection, and emotional intelligence in the young participants. We focused on deepening their understanding of river ecosystems, emphasising how flora, fauna, and water interconnect to sustain a harmonious environment. Our efforts aimed to cultivate empathy towards the river's challenges, including pollution and habitat destruction, empowering children to take proactive roles in conservation. Reflecting on our workshop, it has been a journey of learning and growth. While some aspects were successful and others need refinement, the experience has been deeply rewarding overall. By showcasing the children's artworks, we opened doors for a broader audience to appreciate their creativity and messages. Moving forward, we envision integrating our program's concepts and artistic activities into school curricula, offering a holistic learning approach.

This approach will equip children with lifelong skills in environmental stewardship, empathy, and effective communication, influencing their attitudes towards nature for years to come. Looking ahead, there is a vital need to document and preserve local traditions, practices, and wisdom through cultural preservation initiatives. Community-led projects, oral history recordings, and the establishment of cultural centres can support these efforts. By empowering communities through education and awareness programs, we aim to foster a deeper appreciation for local wisdom and values. Integrating traditional knowledge into formal education and involving communities in decision-making processes will ensure equitable distribution of benefits, preserving and promoting our rich cultural heritage.

Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories

The Expressive Art Workshop

After two months of dedicated research into Aldona's history, geography, and cultural tapestry, the design of this program was born. The aim is to cultivate a deep-seated love and reverence for the environment through our workshops, fostering both individual and communal healing. By empowering children to navigate their emotions effectively, we shape them into resilient and empathetic adults for the future. This program is rooted in the belief that art holds profound transformative potential, harnessing its power to inspire positive societal change. We employed the framework of ‘Intermodal Expressive Arts Therapy’ by Paolo Knill, blending it with tools and techniques from ‘Circle Time’and ‘Social Emotional Learning’.

Our goal is to nurture self-awareness and empathy in the participating children, while also creating a space for storytelling, myth-sharing, and community bonding through the expressive arts.

The initial two sessions were held at the community library, providing a foundational stage for our exploration of the river. This approach allowed us to lay the groundwork for understanding the river's various dimensions before experiencing it firsthand at the embankment of the “Teen Manos” for the final third session.

Goa Water Stories

Indoor Location

Aurora & Alban Couto Community Library in Aldona

Goa Water Stories

Outdoor Location

Teen Manos

Project Timeline

2023 - 2024

Sep

Planning approach, recce, meeting locals, data collection through interviews and research, pedagogy, collecting myths and stories about the river, site visit, documentation

Nov

Set session schedule, prepare and source materials, finalising resource people for sessions, finalising outdoor locations for the workshop, conducting the workshop

Oct

Pedagogy, research reading, data collection, designing the program, contacting resource people for the programme, finalise dates, sending out fliers, permissions for space usage

Project Timeline

2023 - 2024

Dec

Collate data collected during workshops, post production of photos and other data collected, transcribing recordings, stories, insights

Mar

Final compilation, layout design for virtual museum, creation of maps, tables and other supporting imagery, essay of insights and learnings

Jan & Feb

Project compilation and peer review at Sunaparanta, further refining the project, addressing any remaining gaps based on the feedback received, compiling the children's art into an illustration

Session Structure

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Filling in

Focussing on issues that need to be worked on

Session Structure

Goa Water Stories

Decentering through play, artmaking and imagination

Entering into an alternative world of experience

Session Structure

Goa Water Stories

Aesthetic analysis

Working on the imaginary reality and developing new perspectives from the artworks and the artistic process

Session Structure

Goa Water Stories

Harvesting

Focussing on issues that need to be worked on

The Expressive Art Workshop

Goa Water Stories

After two months of dedicated research into Aldona's history, geography, and cultural tapestry, the design of this program was born. The aim is to cultivate a deep-seated love and reverence for the environment through our workshops, fostering both individual and communal healing. By empowering children to navigate their emotions effectively, we shape them into resilient and empathetic adults for the future. This program is rooted in the belief that art holds profound transformative potential, harnessing its power to inspire positive societal change. We employed the framework of ‘Intermodal Expressive Arts Therapy’ by Paolo Knill, blending it with tools and techniques from ‘Circle Time’and ‘Social Emotional Learning’.

Our goal is to nurture self-awareness and empathy in the participating children, while also creating a space for storytelling, myth-sharing, and community bonding through the expressive arts.

The initial two sessions were held at the community library, providing a foundational stage for our exploration of the river. This approach allowed us to lay the groundwork for understanding the river's various dimensions before experiencing it firsthand at the embankment of the “Teen Manos” for the final third session.

Indoor Location

Aurora & Alban Couto Community Library in Aldona

Goa Water Stories

Outdoor Location

Teen Manos

Goa Water Stories

Project Timeline

2023 - 2024

Pedagogy, research reading, data collection, designing the program, contacting resource people for the programme, finalise dates, sending out fliers, permissions for space usage

Oct

Collate data collected during workshops, post production of photos and other data collected, transcribing recordings, stories, insights

Dec

Final compilation, layout design for virtual museum, creation of maps, tables and other supporting imagery, essay of insights and learnings

Mar
Sep

Planning approach, recce, meeting locals, data collection through interviews and research, pedagogy, collecting myths and stories about the river, site visit, documentation

Nov

Set session schedule, prepare and source materials, finalising resource people for sessions, finalising outdoor locations for the workshop, conducting the workshop

Jan & Feb

Project compilation and peer review at Sunaparanta, further refining the project, addressing any remaining gaps based on the feedback received, compiling the children's art into an illustration

Session Structure

Goa Water Stories

Filling in

Focussing on issues that need to be worked on

Goa Water Stories

Decentering through play, artmaking and imagination

Entering into an alternative world of experience

Goa Water Stories

Aesthetic analysis

Working on the imaginary reality and developing new perspectives from the artworks and the artistic process

Goa Water Stories

Harvesting

Focussing on issues that need to be worked on

Session 01

WITH SNIGHDA

01
In our first session, the children embarked on a journey to discover the wonders of Goa's rivers, with a special focus on the Mapusa River and its vibrant biodiversity. They explored the historical formation of settlements around the river and its crucial roles in trade, transportation, and irrigation. Our goal was to offer a comprehensive understanding of the river by delving into its history, geography, biodiversity, and cultural significance. We shared stories of how communities thrived around the river, highlighting its multifaceted importance.
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
To creatively connect with this knowledge, the children, aged 5-14, were encouraged to visualise and craft representations of the creatures living in the river. Following a guided meditation that took them on an imaginative underwater adventure, they created art inspired by the aquatic life they might encounter as river creatures. This activity aimed to deepen their emotional and imaginative connection to the river ecosystem and its inhabitants. During the workshop, it became evident that some children had a visual disconnect between freshwater and marine life, often depicting starfish, octopuses, and dolphins. There were charming mix-ups, like drawing a jellyfish but calling it an octopus. To address this, I noted the value of providing representative imagery during the interactive session to help with accurate identification and foster stronger connections. Interestingly, children who spent more time by the river had a clearer understanding of the creatures they commonly encountered.
Goa Water Stories

Session 02

with Keith and Priyanka

02
In our second session, we embarked on a delightful storytelling journey centred around a traditional dekhni, a semi-classical Goan dance form, featuring the song "Hanv Saiba Poltoddi Vetam" (I am crossing the river). We faced the challenge of finding a myth and song that was suitable for children while also enhancing their learning experience. Ultimately, we chose the beloved dekhni song “Hanv Saiba Poltoddi Vetam”, which I fondly remember from my school days. Dekhni dance, one of Goa's oldest dance forms, beautifully blends Indian melody with Western rhythm. It is believed to have originated from the Devadasi system, where girls dedicated their lives to serving deities in temples. The song "Hanv Saiba Poltoddi Vetam" tells the story of a Devadasi girl seeking passage across a river to perform at a wedding. Initially rejected by the boatman due to rough waters, she offers her golden earring as payment. The boatman eventually relents, and the dancers are ferried across the river. For our workshop, we kept the identity of the ladies a mystery and intertwined this story with the myth of ‘Tar-vir’ and ‘Tarini’, goddesses associated with boats.
Goa Water Stories
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Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories

This narrative seamlessly blended elements of the song with other micro myths from the village, enriching the storytelling experience. We were also privileged to hear stories from community members about the river and the fishing community, which deepened our understanding of the river's cultural significance. To conclude the session, the children participated in creative activities such as singing, dancing, and crafting origami boats. These activities fostered a sense of connection and celebration of the river's importance in their lives.

I observed that many of the children seemed disconnected from the local language, Konkani. They preferred and responded more readily to instructions in English. Even those who were fluent in Konkani showed some apprehension about conversing in it. Additionally, many children were unfamiliar with the dekhni, a once-popular folk song. This perhaps reveals a generational gap in passing down local stories, songs, and cultural knowledge.

Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
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Listen to the song

Hanv saiba poltoddi vetam

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Hanv saiba poltoddi vetam

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Hanv Saiba Poltoddi Vetam, (Oh, to the other side I'm crossing,)
Dalmulea lognak(u) vetam, (I'm going for Damu's wedding,)
Mhaka saiba vatt(u) dakoi, (Show me the route, I pray,)
Mhaka saiba vatt(u) kollona. (For I do not know the way.)

Damulea matt(u) vant(u), (In the tent of Damu's wedding)
Kolvontacho kell(u), (The dancing girls are playing)
Damulea matt(u) vant(u), (In the tent of Damu's wedding)
Kolvontacho kell(u). (The dancing girls are playing.)

Ghe, ghe, ghe, ghe, ghe, ghe ga saiba, (Take it, take, take, take, oh!)
Mhaka nakka go, mhaka naka go. (No, I don't want, I don't want it, oh no!)
Mhojea paianchim painzonnam, ghe ga saiba, (These anklets from my feet, do take them)
Mhaka nakka go, mhaka naka go. (No, I don't want, I don't want it, oh no!)

Session 03

with Shefali and Joan

03
Informed by the insightful principles from ‘Art in Action: Expressive Arts Therapy and Social Change,’ our third session emphasised the value of community art. The book highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the respect-fear continuum in community art projects. It offers strategies for engaging communities, such as researching folk and contemporary art, identifying skilled individuals to assist, and considering communal traditions and leadership. Additionally, it underscores two key principles: "The here and now" and "The 'I' and the 'we," focusing on being present and fostering a collective identity. Sensory awareness and psychological readiness are also emphasised, balancing low artistic skill requirements with high aesthetic competence in community art projects.
Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
Goa Water StoriesGoa Water Stories
We gathered by the river with children and adult community members for this session. Shefali led us through a mindfulness exercise, helping everyone become present with the river. We learned about the manos (sluice gate) and its importance to the community. This exercise encouraged sensory engagement with the river and its surroundings. We chose to use ephemeral art for this session—art that is fleeting and impermanent. To respect the ecosystem around the manos, we combined the artwork created by the children over the previous sessions into a larger community art piece. Ephemeral art and rivers share striking parallels, both embodying transient qualities and deep connections to nature. Just as ephemeral art exists briefly before being intentionally removed, rivers flow continuously, shaped by seasonal changes, climate shifts, and human interactions. Creating ephemeral art felt like the perfect choice for our community session. By laying out the art and engaging in song and dance around it, we symbolically represented how we come and go, but the river remains. This highlighted the importance of preserving the river for future generations.
Following the art exploration, we held a storytelling session where adults shared their personal memories and experiences of the river, fostering intergenerational sharing of ideas and stories. We concluded with Joan Pinto leading a gratitude exercise for the river.

This session left me with a strong belief in the importance of creating spaces for dialogue and sharing between generations. Such interactions help transfer knowledge through story, song, and dance, building community closeness and ensuring older generations remain relevant. This rootedness in tradition fosters a deeper sense of connection and responsibility in younger generations, creating a vibrant, interconnected community.
Goa Water Stories

Minelli conducts her project along the settlement banks of the Mapusa River and the segment of the river passing through Aldona. Aldona is located in the Bardez taluka of Northern Goa. Minelli is influenced by her ancestral roots having grown up in the adjoining village of Moira as she has fond memories of fishing as a child with her grandfather at these manos (sluice gate and bridge). This interactive map traces a journey of her project with children interweaving her present-past memories of these different manos.

Goa Water Stories

Aldona Village Workshop Map

Aldona Village Workshop Map

Aldona Institute Library & Alban and Aurora Couto Community Library

01
Goa Water Stories

01

Aldona InstituteLibrary & Alban and Aurora Couto Community Library

The Alban and Aurora Couto Community Library was initiated in the year 2018 in a shop at the Parish Centre, supported by the vision of Padma Shri awardee, Dr Mrs Maria Aurora Couto (1937 – 2022).

Goa Water Stories

This library catered to the reading needs of the children and became a beacon during the COVID-19 lockdown. It is this central node of community learning and activity that becomes the space to host and conduct the first two sessions of my expressive arts workshop with children from the village community.

Aldona Institute
Library & Alban and Aurora Couto Community Library
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Hear what the kids have to say!

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Hear what the kids have to say!

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Aldona Village Workshop Map

Corjuem Bridge & Manos

02
Goa Water Stories

02

Corjuem Bridge & Manos

The bridges in Aldona are a fairly recent development, the Corjuem Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge spanning 235 mts.

According to local historian Hector Fernandes, in the era before bridges and ferries, transportation in Goa relied heavily on canoes. Each village, including Bodiem, Calvim and Corjuem, shared access to the Aldona church and canoes were the primary means of travel between them. A permanent ferryman, known as ‘Tarimama’, operated a boat called a ‘tar’ to ferry people across the river. During funerals, canoes would be lashed together to form a procession moving from one village to the next. However, this mode of transportation was not without risks, as accidents and drownings were not uncommon due to the lack of safety measures. The introduction of the ‘vapor’, a boat equipped with a steam engine, revolutionised transportation by ferrying people to Panjim. Eventually, the ‘vapor’ was replaced by the launch/ ‘gazolin’, a larger vessel resembling trawlers, which offered to seat passengers and also provided transportation down the river to Panjim. These developments marked a significant shift in Goa's transportation history, transitioning from traditional canoes to mechanised vessels for river travel.
Manos is Konkani word for a sluice gate. Wooden shutters open at low tide and close at high tide to prevent the flooding of fields by saline waters. There are eleven manos connected to the Mapusa River (i.e. Teen Manos, Lozar Manos, etc). These sluice gates are structures to control the flow of water in rivers, canals or other water bodies with interconnected paddy fields. They are typically designed with moveable gates that can be opened or closed to regulate the water level. Sluice gates can serve various purposes, including flood control, irrigation, and water management. Along the Mapusa River, sluice gates may be employed to manage water flow, especially during periods of heavy rainfall or for controlling water distribution for agricultural purposes.
Manos is Konkani word for a sluice gate.
Goa Water Stories

There are eleven manos connected to the Mapusa River (i.e. Teen Manos, Lozar Manos, etc). These sluice gates are structures to control the flow of water in rivers, canals or other water bodies with interconnected paddy fields.

Goa Water Stories

The Khazan system is a traditional method of paddy field cultivation in Goa, particularly in the low-lying coastal areas. It involves creating embankments (bundhs) and sluice gates (manos) to control the entry of saline water from the sea and facilitate the controlled inflow of freshwater for rice cultivation. The term ‘Khazan’ is commonly used in Goa to refer to these reclaimed and cultivated fields. The Khazan lands act as anti-flood system-terminal recipients of coastal watersheds. These act as temporary stormwater storages during the monsoon. This helps in partial recharge of the depleted aquifers. According to Hector Fernandes, a resident of Aldona, the manos and surrounding fields are auctioned for the season, and if anyone else wants to fish they have to pay; the village comunidade/panchayat handles it.

Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories

Aldona Village Workshop Map

Mapusa River

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Goa Water Stories

03

Mapusa River

The Mapusa River (Rio de Mapuça) river is one of the main tributaries of the River Mandovi in Goa. This river originates from the jungles of Dumacem and Amthane, (in the Western Ghats, a mountain range in Goa known for its lush biodiversity) and meanders eastward and then southward before it drains itself in the Mandovi River at Penha de France.

It is primarily fed by rainwater and has several smaller tributaries that contribute to its flow. The Mapusa River flows through the Bardez taluka (a sub-division of a district) in North Goa and several villages are situated along its banks, i.e. Mapusa, Guirim, Sodium-Siolim, Nachinola, Verla-Canca, Olaulim, Pomburpa and Aldona. The Mapusa River has numerous tributaries and streams that contribute to its meandering flow. Of the Western tributaries, the main tributary is the Assonora River, followed by the Surla (Surla forest in Maharashtra), Mandrichi, Deuchi (in Sattari region) and Ragoda Rivers (elevations of the Western Ghats). The Eastern and Southern tributaries are the Moide River whose stream originates in the highlands of Guirim and the Kotrachi Nadi which begins from within the forest of Golali and joins the river in Sattari. In addition, small streams such as the Patwal, Zarme, Advoi, Kothodem and Kumbhtol also join the Mapusa River.

The biodiversity of the Mapusa River in Goa contributes to the region's ecological richness and its surrounding wetlands attract a diverse range of bird species. Egrets, herons, kingfishers, and various migratory birds find habitat along the riverbanks. If present, mangrove areas along the riverbanks are crucial for biodiversity, serving as nurseries for various fish species. Mangrove species like Avicennia marina may be present. Plants along the riverbanks contribute to stabilising the soil and providing habitats for small animals and insects. Depending on the environmental conditions, amphibians such as frogs and toads may inhabit the riverbanks. The river supports various fish species, including native and migratory ones. The common species may include mullet, catfish, and different types of carp, crabs and other crustaceans that are often found in the river, contributing to the aquatic ecosystem. Snakes, lizards, and turtles may be found in the vicinity, contributing to the overall biodiversity. The riparian areas are likely to host a variety of insects, playing essential roles in pollination and nutrient cycling. Riverbed sediments and submerged vegetation provide habitats for invertebrates such as dragonfly larvae and freshwater snails. Depending on the habitat, small mammals like rodents may be present along the riverbanks.

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The biodiversity of the Mapusa River in Goa contributes to the region's ecological richness and its surrounding wetlands attract a diverse range of bird species.

In Aldona the fertile plains along the Mapusa River support agriculture, with local farmers cultivating crops like rice and vegetables. Korgut rice is saline-resistant and grows in brackish water. According to a village myth, the god Arjun came with his plough from heaven and the place with the plough touched the earth was called Haldran (Aldona - land that is very fertile). It is said the people of the village never ate dried fish, because there’s always fish in the river. Another myth mentions that Haldran was the name given because of the numerous haldi (turmeric) plantations.

Another myth mentions that Haldran was the name given because of the numerous haldi (turmeric) plantations.
Goa Water Stories

Day 01 Workshop on Aquatic Life

Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Sydelle &
Sharanya
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Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories

Day 01 Workshop on Aquatic Life

Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
Sydelle &
Sharanya
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Goa Water Stories
Goa Water Stories
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Raju and
the River

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Raju and the River

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In the sleepy village of Aldona, nestled along the banks of the Mapusa River lived a kind-hearted and hardworking fisherman named Raju.
 
Raju had a small field near the manos, where he and his wife Shanti cultivated a special variety of paddy called Korgut, They had a big brown ox called Bala who would help them till the field, In the evenings Raju would take his fishing boat out to catch fish for dinner.

He loved spending time on the river, It was beautiful and peaceful. He would sit quietly and observer the birds, how deftly the little blue kingfisher would dive in and catch a fish, graceful white egrets stalked around the herd of buffaloes that lazed in the shallow waters, the river was usually peaceful but every now and then the skies would darken to a thunderstorm and the river would get turbulent, and Raju knew it was too dangerous to go fishing so he would sit in his boat shed and mend his net and oil his boat.

One stormy evening, there was lightning and thunder, and the waves crashed and stong winds lashed against his little boat shed, and Raju took a break from his work to smoke a beedi, He saw cloaked figure approaching him in the rain, It was an elderly lady, “Tai, what are you doing? This is not the kind of weather you should be out in!’ Raju shouted over the thunder "Sir," she began, "I need to cross the river to attend a wedding on the other side. Can you help me, even though the river looks a bit rough today?" Worry crossed Raju's face as he glanced at the stormy sky. "It's not safe with the storm. I can't risk it," he replied. She continued to plead, persistently, that it was her youngest brother's wedding and she couldn't possibly miss it.  Reluctantly, Raju agreed, “hai Deva protect us as we are crossing” he begged the Gods As they embarked on the journey, the storm unleashed its fury. Rain poured like the monsoon showers, and the river swelled with turbulent waves. Raju, rowing with all his might, struggled against the currents.
"Hold on tight! This storm is getting fierce!" he exclaimed, but the lady, sitting beside him, remained calm. "Bhivpachi garaj na, Raju. Keep going. We'll make it."

As they reached the middle of the river, something magical and unexplainable happened. The storm suddenly ceased, and the turbulent waters immediately settled, as if nature itself bowed to an unseen force.
And as she removed her cloak Raju noticed an ethereal glow emanating from her. She was no ordinary woman, she must be a Devi! her eyes twinkle, Raju was stunned,
as they pulled up to the shore on the other side, Raju helped her out of the boat, the mysterious lady smiled at him and said, "Thankyou Raju, you are both kind and brave, you have helped me in my time of need, so I will grant you a boon for your bravery and kindness, may this river always be peaceful and abundant with fish, ensuring your village never goes hungry."

"Thank you! But who are you?" Raju asked, his gratitude palpable in his voice.

But as quickly as she appeared, she disappeared, leaving Raju with a transformed boat and a heart full of gratitude. The tale of Raju, the humble fisherman, and the divine encounter with the goddess on the boat Tarini became a cherished legend in the vibrant villages of Goa.

Aldona Village Workshop Map

Postar Manos

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Postar Manos

The Postar Manos gets its name from the nearby situated Portuguese outpost.

Goa Water Stories

In Goa, protector spirits known as 'Devchars' serve as guardians, safeguarding village boundaries from malevolent forces. These protective entities, also referred to as 'Rakhandars', are envisioned as towering figures clad in white dhotis (a cloth wrapped around the legs), draped with kambals (a cloth wrapped around the torso to keep warm) across their shoulders, and wielding bamboo sticks in hand. Each village entrusts the protection of its locality to a designated 'Rakhandar'. In gratitude for their protective presence, locals offer offerings such as roosters, local liquor, and 'beedis' (rolled cigarettes) as tokens of appreciation, seeking continued protection from evil spirits. According to Gayle Misquita a resident of Ranoi, Aldona, the Deochar, does not confine his wanderings solely to the manos but roams throughout the entire village. As he traverses the village paths, the eerie sound of iron chains trailing from his feet echoes through the air, punctuated by the rhythmic thumping of his guiding stick. Bereft of a head and face, Deochar navigates by instinct alone, his imposing figure defined solely by a neck.

Goa Water Stories

Locals warn against halting his progress or inquiring about his destination, as those who have dared to do so have met untimely fates, according to tales shared by the house boy (the house help from the story shared by Gail Mesquita). Whispers speak of a designated path, the paivat (footpath), exclusively trodden by Deochar, leading towards the mansher (colloquial word for nearby), opposite the teen manos. Despite the ominous aura surrounding Deochar's presence, inhabitants of Rannoi, where the river converges with the forest, refrain from discussing him openly, gripped by a pervasive sense of fear. According to Jonas Monetiro, a musician and resident of Aldona, the myths of the Deochar at the manos were usually made up by the fishermen to deter people from stealing their fish or tampering with their nets at night.

According to Jonas Correa the myths of the Deochar at the manos were usually made up by the fishermen to deter people from stealing their fish or tampering with their nets at night.
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Aldona Village Workshop Map

Lazor Manos

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Goa Water Stories

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Lozar Manos

Historically, the Mapusa River in Goa has been a vital artery for trade and commerce, fostering economic activities across different regions. Serving as a natural waterway, it facilitated trade routes connecting inland areas to the Arabian Sea, enabling the transportation of diverse goods.

Along its banks, bustling commercial activities unfolded, with traders and merchants conducting business in areas like Mapusa, Guirim, and other villages. The river played a crucial role in the spice trade, transporting coveted spices like pepper and cardamom. Ports and trading posts along the river likely served as hubs for cultural exchange and economic transactions. During the colonial period, Goa's riverways, including the Mapusa River, were integral to Portuguese and pre-Portuguese trade networks. The riverbanks might have hosted local industries such as warehouses (Loja) and markets, contributing to the economic vibrancy of the region. The Mapusa River, with its navigable waters, not only connected communities but also facilitated the movement of goods, marking a significant chapter in the historical tapestry of trade in this coastal region. The bustling commercial centre known as the Loja, functioned as a vibrant trading hub where commerce primarily occurred via the waterways, facilitated by the encircling Mapusa River. According to Hector Fernandes The origin of the name "Loja" traces back to the Portuguese word meaning ‘storehouses’.
These storehouses served as crucial hubs for storing imported cargo transported along the waterways of Goa. Sailboats known as ‘patmari’ navigated the Mapusa River, unloading goods at different points along the river, with Loja serving as a significant distribution centre. In addition to being a storage hub, Aldona was also known for its agricultural exports, particularly chillies and onions, which were shipped out to other regions.
The origin of the name "Loja" traces back to the Portuguese word meaning "storehouses." These storehouses served as crucial hubs for storing imported cargo transported along the waterways of Goa.
Goa Water Stories

Sailboats known as "patmari" navigated the Mapusa River, unloading goods at different points along the river, with Loja serving as a significant distribution center. In addition to being a storage hub, Aldona was also known for its agricultural exports, particularly chillies and onions, which were shipped out to other regions.

Goa Water Stories

Aldona's geographic features included the neighbouring areas of Corjuem and Calvim, extending to Mapusa, albeit with the waterway eventually becoming silted and inaccessible beyond Moira. Noteworthy amenities in the area included a substantial weighing scale for accurate measurements and a designated space for boat repairs. A little further up ahead lies the Lozar Manos which gets its name from its proximity to the Loja. According to Cecil Pinto, six friends were drinking at the manos when a dispute arose, resulting in the tragic death of one of them at the hands of the others. Subsequently, the manos fell into disuse, with locals avoiding it thereafter.

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Day 02 Workshop on Aquatic Life

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Hanv saiba poltoddi vetam

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Hanv saiba poltoddi vetam

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M: Bandoddeche pattear, muzgu vazota
Tea muzgachea sadar kolvont nachota……2

F: Choltam, choltam zali maka rati,
Lokot zokhot varem marun pallouli moji diuli....2

F: Hanv saiba poltodi voitam, damulea lognak voitam...2.
Maka saiba vatt dakoi, maka saiba vatu kolona....2

M: Damulea mattvantu kolvontancho khellu
Damulea lognak kolvontancho kellu

F: Aga mojea tarya mama, aga mojea tarya mama..2
Amkam voron pavoi xirodde/polltodi, voi poltodi/xirodde....2

M: Xirvoddchim/Aldonchim chedvam motinch pamprellam....2
Ratchim ugtim galtat zonelam, voi zonelam....2

F: Xirvoddche /Aldonche chedde mottech bailgodde....2
Ratche khobro martai bailamkodde, voi bailam kodde...2

M: Age nari tujea nakachi noti naka sori….
Age nari tujea nakachi noti naka sori,

F: Ghe ghe ghe ghe ghe, ghe ga saiba,....2

M: Maka naka gho, maka naka gho...2

F: Hi Mojea nakantuli noti ghe ga saiba,....2

M: Maka naka gho, maka naka gho....2

F: Xinvtim, butim, abolim, matheak mojea mutelim,
Mojea potik fuddem bostelim, oi bostelim

F: Ghe ghe ghe ghe ghe, ghe ga saiba,....2

M: Maka naca gho, maca naca gho....2………

F: Him mojea athantlim kanknna ghe ga saiba....2

M: Maka naka gho, maka naka gho....2

F: Xinvtim, butim, abolim, matheak mojea mautelim...2
Ch
Mojea potik fuddem bostelim, oi bostelim....2

Aldona Village Workshop Map

Teen Manos

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Teen Manos

The Teen Manos gets its name from its three sluice gates. We chose this location since it was scenic and an important community space. This traditional sluice gate, to catch prawns and other seafood from the backwaters, called ‘poim’ in Konkani. This is the site for the third and final session of the workshop.

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Bibliography & References

Intermodal Expressive Arts Therapy

Knill, P. J., Levine, E. G., & Levine, S. K. (2005)Principles and practice of expressive arts therapy: Toward a Therapeutic AestheticsJessica Kingsley Publishers, London, UK

Levine, E. G., & Levine, S. K. (2011)Art in Action, Expressive Arts Therapy and Social ChangeJessica Kingsley Publishers, London, UK

Goa Related

Lourenco, J. (2020)
The Fever and Other Stories
Jose Lourenco, Miskut Imprint, Goa, India

Trichur, R. (2013)
Refiguring Goa: from Trading Post to Tourism Destination
Goa 1556, Goa, India

Monteiro, A. 
The Bardeskars - The Mystery of a Migration.
Philalphie Publications, Pune, India

Cabral E Sa, M. (1998)
Legends of Goa
Goa 1556, Goa, India

De Souza , B. E.(2011)
The Last Prabhu
Goa 1556, Goa, India

Miscellaneous Articles and Papers

Goes, K. (2023) 
Exploring goan folklore – the ‘Rakondar’, 
Goa News in English on Gomantak Times. 
Available at:
https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/exploring-goan-folklore-the-ra kondar 
 
Gaus, S.A. et al. (2018) 
Grinding stories: Songs from goa. Saligao, Goa, 
India: The Heritage Network. 
 
Pandit, H. (2024) 
The guardian spirits of goa, Paper Planes. 
Available at:
https://www.joinpaperplanes.com/the-guardian-spirits-of-goa/

 
Pandit, H. (2020) 
Myths with a twist, hetapandit. 
Available at:
https://hetapandit.wordpress.com/2020/11/06/myths-with-a-twist/ 

 
Fernandes, D. (2006) 
[goanet] devchar (evil spirit) and the voijinn maim - part I!, 
The Mail Archive. 
Available at:
https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@lists.goanet.org/msg01503.html
 
Fernandes, P. (2017)
Wonder Water Gates of goa that command the tide: Goa News - Times of India, 
The Times of India. 
Available at:
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/wonder-water-gates-of-goa-that-comm and-the-tide/articleshow/61317641.cms 
(Accessed: 26 June 2024). 
 
Kamat, V. (2018) 
Devchar – Talking Myths - An online archive of traditional tales from Indian subcontinent. 
Available at:
https://talkingmyths.com/tag/devchar/
(Accessed: 26 June 2024).

Kerkar, R. (2024) 
Goddess lairai worshippers find trove of divine sculptures in Sattari’s sacred grove: Goa News - Times of India, 
The Times of India. 
Available at:
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goddess-lairai-worshippers-find-trove- of-divine-sculptures-in-sattaris-sacred-grove/articleshow/110061117.cms 

Ayajuddin,et al. (2012). 
Khazan land of Goa and its fishery potential. 
fishcoop. 3-6. 
 
Pai, M. (2009) 
Tribal shrines of Goa Hindu Temples & Shrines of Goa. 
Available at:
https://theflightofgods.wordpress.com/tag/tribal-shrines-of-goa/
 
Temples of goa (no date) 
Shubh Yatra Presents Goa Yatra. 
Available at:
http://www.shubhyatra.com/goa/temples.html
 
Purohit A (2012) 
The gates and gate keepers of goa 
Fountain Ink Magazine. 
Available at:
https://fountainink.in/reportage/the-gates-and-gate-keepers-of-goa
 
Itsgoa (2023) 
Dekhni dance is one of the oldest dance forms of Goa., 
ItsGoa.
Available at:
https://itsgoa.com/dekhni-dance
 
Kamat, N.(2021) 
NT desk, 
The Navhind Times. 
Available at:
https://www.navhindtimes.in/2021/03/14/magazines/panorama/ecodestruction-of- mapusa-and-moira-rivers/#google_vignette 
 
Pandey, P. (2021) 
Do you know the story of the Liberation of Goa?, Eat My News. 
Available at:
https://www.eatmy.news/2021/06/do-you-know-story-of-liberation-of-goa.html

 
Botelho, A. (2018). 
Cultural Homogenization to Cultural Pluralism A Note On Goan Identity. 
Gyana. 

Acknowledgements

Feeling disheartened by a pervasive sense of helplessness in the face of current ecological challenges, I chose to harness my expertise as an expressive arts therapy practitioner and social-emotional educator to initiate meaningful change through artistic endeavours. With a threefold mission in mind, I set out on a journey to transform perspectives and foster environmental stewardship.
 
I dedicate this project to my dear friend Nathaniel, who sadly passed away during its course. As a resident of Aldona, Nathaniel played a crucial role in photographing this project. His invaluable contributions, support, and technical skills were instrumental in bringing this endeavour to life. He is deeply missed.

I am profoundly grateful to the Living Waters Museum and Goa Water Stories for granting me this opportunity. The time spent conducting research and engaging with locals not only enriched my understanding but also rekindled forgotten aspects of my heritage. Through this project, I aspire to share my love for Goa and its rivers, and I hope to inspire others to take meaningful action to protect our environment.
 
A heartfelt thank you to Cecil Pinto, Hector Fernandes, Maria Amaral, Gail Mesquita, Fredrick Norohna, Isabel Vas, Mr. Rajendra Kerkar, Jonas Almeida, Mr. Volvoikar, Monica D'Souza, Conrad Pinto, Fr. Gregory, and Hansel Vaz for their invaluable insights and contributions. Your support has been deeply appreciated.

Resource Persons

Session 1 - Interactive Education Session (Learning About the River)
Snigdha Sehgal (Nature and Science Educator) led the interactive learning session Keith Coutinho (Xapai Designs)

Shefali Sequeira (Counsellor, Art Therapist) 
 
Session 2 - Storytelling and Music (The River through Story and Song)
Keith Coutinho (Xapai Designs) Storytelling in English

Priyanka Varma (Inlaks Shivdasani Foundation) Storytelling in Hindi 
 
Session 3 - Mindfulness by the River (Community Session)

Shefali Sequeira (Counsellor, Art Therapist) led the mindfullness session

Joan Pinto (Counsellor, SEL Educator) led the sharing session

Snigdha Sehgal (Nature and Science Educator) 
 
Post Production - Story Voiceover (Raju and the River)
Mehvash Peerbhoy (Educator, Voice Artist) 
 
Aurora and Alban Couto Community Library 
Wendy D’sa (Librarian) Main Correspondent, Contact point and resource person from the library

Flavia Lobo (Librarian) Library Correspondent 

Harrison Amaral (Volunteer) Session 2,3 Savio Lobo (Architect, Author) Session 3

Data Collection 
Cecil Pinto (Aldona Resident, Historian) - local history and river tour, relevant literature Hector Fernandes(Aldona Resident, Historian) - local history

Maria Amara (Aldona Resident) - village stories and family history

Gail Mesquita (Aldona Resident) - village Stories and Myths 

Fredrick Norohna (Historian and Publisher) - relevant Literature Isabel Vas (Author, Playwright) - family history

Mr Rajendra Kerkar (Researcher, Environmentalist) - river Myths

Jonas Correa (Aldona Resident, Musician) - village Stories

Mr Volvoikar (Aldona Resident) - family history

Monica D'souza (Aldona Resident) - village stories and myths

Conrad Pinto (Aldona Resident) - information on previously run programmes

Fr Gregory (Dasya, Redemptorist Priest) - information about mandos

Hansel Vaz (Fazenda Cazulo) - River Stories 
 
Drone Photography
Shreyas Putturaju
 
360 Photography
Nathaniel Dmello